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After more than 10 years of efforts, China’s independent innovation in electric vehicles has made important breakthroughs. Products developed independently have begun to enter the market in batches, and the development environment has gradually improved. The industry has developed a good foundation and has favorable conditions and comparative advantages for accelerating development.
Independent innovation has made a major breakthrough and formed a strong product development capability
The Chinese government has been focusing on long-term deployment and has been actively deploying independent innovations in electric vehicles for a long time. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, electric vehicles were included in the national major science and technology industry projects. During the "Tenth Five-year Plan" and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, electric vehicles were included in the national 863 plan In the process of independent innovation, we adhered to government support and focused on core technologies, key components, and system integration. We established the “three verticals†for hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles and used vehicle control systems. , motor drive systems, power battery / fuel cell for the "three horizontal" R & D layout, through close cooperation between production and research, China's independent innovation of electric vehicles has made significant progress.
The core of electric vehicles is the electrification of power systems. Starting from the high starting point for the development of electric vehicles in China, around the key objectives and core technologies, we established a three-category automotive power system technology platform for pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cells, as well as a research and development system for production, learning and research, and achieved a series of breakthrough results. Car development laid a solid foundation. From 2002 to 2008, China has obtained 1,796 patents in the field of electric vehicles, including 940 patents for inventions.
China has independently developed a series of nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion power battery products with a capacity of 6Ah-100Ah. The energy density and power density are close to the international level. At the same time, it breaks through the bottleneck of safety technology. It is the first time in the world to be applied to urban buses and buses; The permanent magnet brushless motor, AC induction motor and switched reluctance motor below 200kW, the motor weight ratio power exceeds 1300w/kg, the maximum efficiency of the motor system reaches 93%; the self-developed fuel cell engine technology is advanced, and the efficiency exceeds 50%, becoming a few in the world
Demonstration continues to deepen and electric cars begin to enter the market
Since 2003, seven cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Wuhan and Shenzhen and the State Grid Corporation of China have carried out small-scale demonstrations of new energy vehicles. The cumulative number of operational vehicles has exceeded 500 vehicles, and the operating mileage exceeds 15 million kilometers. The average failure interval The mileage reaches more than 3,500 kilometers, and the attendance rate reaches more than 95%.
During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 595 self-developed hybrid, pure electric and fuel cell vehicles were put into use, with a total of more than 3.7 million kilometers of operation and more than 440 million passengers transported to achieve the largest scale demonstration of electric vehicles in the history of the Olympic Games.
Auto companies regard electric vehicles as the mainstream competitive products in the future and attach great importance to strategic importance. FAW, Dongfeng, SAIC, Chang'an, Chery, BYD, etc. have all formulated electric vehicle product R&D and industrialization plans. At the same time, the industrialization of key components of electric vehicles has been fully followed up, and the production supporting capacity has been significantly enhanced. Recently, power battery companies such as Lishen, BYD, BAK, and Wanxiang invested billions of dollars in accelerating industrialization. Shanghai Electric Drive, Dajun, Xiangtan Electric, CSR Times and other motor companies strengthened cooperation with upstream and downstream companies, and actively improved Industrial chain construction. In the next 2-3 years, it is expected that a power battery with a capacity of 2 billion Ah or more and a full range of drive motor production capacity will be formed, which can meet the matching requirements for 1 million electric vehicles.
The initial establishment of standard regulations and product management system laid the foundation for industrialization
China has established 38 standards for electric vehicles, including 34 national standards and 4 industrial standards. Formed a vehicle, power battery, drive motor and other related test evaluation and product certification capabilities. At the same time, China has also actively conducted research on new energy automotive product access conditions and access procedures. The “Enforcement Rules for New Energy Vehicle Production Access†was released in November 2007. Electric vehicles are formally included in the national auto new product announcement management, paving the way for independent development achievements to enter the market.
The continuous improvement of the development environment for electric vehicles in China has created a good atmosphere for the development of electric vehicles.
General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out during the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference last year: The development of new energy vehicles represents the direction of the development of the world's automotive industry and also conforms to our national conditions. On June 22, 2009, Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Jia Qinglin and other central leaders conducted special investigations on the independent innovation and industrial development of electric vehicles in China, fully affirmed the results of the previous period, and put forward specific requirements for strengthening independent innovation and accelerating industrial development. High hopes for the electric vehicle industry. On August 5, 2009, Comrade Li Keqiang, Vice Premier of the State Council, and some of the old leaders of the Central Government independently inspected the independent R&D achievements of China's electric vehicles and made important instructions on the development of electric vehicles. State Councilor Liu Yandong has repeatedly made important instructions on the development of electric vehicles and the establishment of strategic industries. On May 30th, 2009, the State Administration of the State Council issued the following "China's electric vehicle industry development status and countermeasures and suggestions" to make the following instructions: "Electric and new energy vehicles represent the world trend, China's R & D capabilities have reached the world advanced level, and There are certain industrial capabilities, such as supporting and perfecting the policy, and supporting market development and industrial scale. There will be good prospects."
The State Council’s "Government Work Report," "Automobile Industry Development Policy," "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," and "National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development," and other macroeconomic policies have encouraged the development of new energy vehicles. In March last year, the State Council issued the “Regulations for the Adjustment and Revitalization of the Automotive Industry†and proposed the implementation of a national strategy for new energy vehicles, focusing on supporting the industrialization of electric vehicle parts and the demonstration and promotion of complete vehicles. The economic incentive policies have achieved breakthroughs. The state has introduced new energy vehicle subsidy policies and supported pilot demonstrations. Taking the Hubei Province's "Opinions on Advancing the R&D and Industrialization of Electric Vehicles" as a representative, 13 electric vehicle demonstration cities have supported the development of electric vehicles from R&D and industrialization support, tax deductions, financial subsidies, and infrastructure construction.
The development of China's electric vehicle industry has a good foundation above, but also has some favorable conditions and comparative advantages. Mainly in the following areas:
Resource Advantages China has resource advantages in the core materials of key components such as lithium-ion batteries and permanent magnet motors. According to proven reserves, China has more than 3.8 million tons of lithium reserves, ranking second in the world, mainly in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Xinjiang, Henan, Qinghai, and Tibet. China has abundant rare earth resources, and its rare earth reserves account for nearly 58% of the world's total reserves, ranking first in the world. China's rare earth production ranks first in the world since 1988. Over the years, product output and supply have reached more than 80% of the world total. It is the world’s largest exporter of rare earths.
Industrial advantages In recent years, China's electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and other light electric vehicles and related spare parts industries have been developing rapidly. The number of production enterprises has exceeded 3,000, and the total vehicle inventory has exceeded 50 million. The production capacity is close to 10 million, making it the largest in the world. The production of light electric vehicles and the largest market. Driven by the rapid popularity of electric bicycles, the production system of key components, such as power batteries and drive motors, has been rapidly established. It has formed certain advantages in large-scale industrial production technologies and cost control, and has laid a foundation for the establishment of key components and systems for electric vehicles. Solid industry foundation.
Market Advantages China is in the early stage of rapid urbanization and industrialization. The imbalanced economic development among regions will be difficult to change in the long run. Therefore, the differences in people’s income levels in different regions and at different levels will inevitably cause consumers to have different requirements on the prices and functions of automotive products. China has a huge diversified market, which makes China’s auto consumption appear to be significantly different and diverse. . In this situation, as long as the market is closely related to market demand, targeted product development and marketing, such as the development of priority to the development of micro-hybrid, light hybrid hybrid vehicles and low-cost small pure electric vehicles, will help speed up the electric car in China's early market introduction.
Infrastructure advantages. Urban construction in developed countries has basically ended, and it is much more difficult to build or renovate electric vehicle charging networks in cities. The construction of large and medium-sized cities in China is still in a period of development. Urbanization and urbanization in rural areas have just begun. Infrastructure construction such as electric vehicle charging stations has ample room for development in China. If we can strengthen infrastructure construction planning in a timely manner, it will greatly promote the construction of supporting infrastructure for electric vehicles in China.
In general, the development of electric vehicles in China has the basis and favorable conditions for industrial development. Under the good situation, we must seize the opportunity and make persistent efforts to create a new situation in the development of the electric vehicle industry, form a competitive advantage in the international automotive industry transformation process, and realize that China's auto industry will grow stronger and develop autonomously.